ANCIENT INDIA

Introduction

 In the 14th century powerful Hindu kingdom was established in central-Asia, which became famous as the name Vijaynagar. Pujyapaad's father Hairaat writes, “The base of Anemund city which was the cradle of Vijaynagar, Hoysal king Veer Ballal III and Harihar, who was a close relative of Hoysal ruling family, was a frontier officer, his head office was there. Till the time more than one century this province fructiferous a lot and got the fame. Under the powerful kings like Krishna Deva Roy this province reached till the top of advancement prosperity.” About the birth of empire, Sevel says, “Perhaps the most reasonable account one can get from the general isolation of Hindu legends in which the boundaries of historical facts are present.” In the starting of 17th century anyhow this province got fall.

1.The Rise and Fall of Vijaynagar Empire

 1.1 Sangam Dynasty (1340–1490)

 Harihar and Bukka (1340–1379): The establishment of Vijaynagar province was the consequence of that mistake which was spread at the time of Mohammad Tughlaq and the founder of this province were two brothers–Harihar and Bukka; who were from Sangam Dynasty. Dr V. Smith writes, “There is no doubt that Naveen Sangham's son, five brothers, were the benefaction of efforts made in the sake of stopping muslim invasion and saving Hindu religion in Paradeep. ” These two brothers were always in the service of Pratap Rudra Deva of Warangal. But when Muslim attacked on Warangal then both of them ran away from there and became the servant of king Angondi. In 1336 A.D., they established a city named Vijaynagar at the bank of river Tungabhadra and started to establish their independent rule. Till 1340 A.D., Harihar succeeded in making under his rule of the Valley of Tungabhadra River and few parts of banks of Konkan and Malabar. In 1340 A.D., Harihar joined that confederacy which had been established under the leadership of Pratap Rudra Deva’s son Krishna Nayak and its aim was to clear the Muslim from South. In 1346 A.D. on the death of Hoysal king Veerpaksha Ballal Harihar occupied Hoysal Kingdom. In his work of kingdom establishment Harihar got help and inspiration from a famous saint and intelligent Vidyaranya. In 1353 A.D., Harihar died and his brother Bukka sat on the throne after him. He was a very brave and qualified ruler as his brother. In his inscriptions he was defined as the lord of eastern, western and southern seas. He fought with Bahmani Kingdomand established a relation with emperor. In 1379 A.D. he died. His son Harihar II replaced him.Harihar II, (1379–1404): Harihar II was a powerful king who kept various names like, ‘Maharajadhiraaj’ and ‘Parmeshwar’. According to Sewell, He was a peace-loving king but in actual he was also a great battler who won the provinces of Kannad, Mysore, Trichanapalli and Kanchi and so increased  Vijaynagar Kingdom. In 1404 A.D. he died.Bukka-II, Deva Roy-I and Vijay Roy, 1704–1419: After Harihar-II his son Bukka-II became the next king. But within the two years of his becoming Deva Roy threw him reversely. Deva Roy ruled from 1406 A.D. to 1410 A.D. He had to fight with Bahmani rulers. It is said that he tried to occupy Mudgal that could get a beautiful girl of a jeweller. Bahmani king Firoz couldn’t tolerate it. He sent an army against Deva Roy. Whatever fight happened there Deva Roy was defeated very badly. Farishta said that "He detained to get his daughter married with Sultan." So because of this battle this was also named as ‘The battle of Jeweller’s daughter’, the prestige of Vijaynagar kingdom fell down. Deva Roy died in 1410 A.D. his son Vijay Roy took his place. Vijay Roy ruled from 1410–1419 A.D. Dr Ishwari Prasad says , "The most probable account was that which made two brothers Harihar and Bukka because of origin of province. These two brothers were working in the treasure of Rudra

Deva. Rudra Deva was the Kakatiya of Warangal and in 1303 A.D. when Muslim defeated him then he fled from the county.” Deva Roy-II, (1419–1449): Deva Roy–II became the king in 1419 A.D. He reorganized the administration and made his army more stable. He also took Muslim horse riders in his army and made the Muslim in his side with the strategy of regional tolerance. Then also he had to fight against the army of Bahmani Province and got defeat. Consequently, he had to pledge to pay the Khiraj to Muslim Province. In the ruling time of Deva Roy two foreign tourists came to Vijaynagar—one was Nikoli Conti of Italy and second was Abdul Razzaq of Iran. They described this city, empire and emperor very clearly.